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Friday, 29/03/2024, 11:44:41 AM
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Allergy


Allergy
 
Also called: Hypersensitivity

Allergy is a reaction of the immune system to something that does not bother most other people(allergens).

Allergens : They are the substances that causes the allergic or hypersensitivity reactions .They are
  • Pollen
  • Nickel
  • Rubber chemicals
  • Dust mites
  • Colophony
  • Mold spores
  • Parabens
  • Balsum of peru
  • Pet dander
  • Food
  • Insect stings
  • Medicines (e.g. Neomycin)

Types : Allergies are commonly of four types . They are -

  • Type 1or Immediate hypersensitivity ( or Anaphylactic)
  • Type 2 or Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
  • Type 3 or Immune complex disease
  • Type 4 or Delayed type hypersensitivity
Examples :

Type 1 :
  • Drug induced
  • Antisera induced
  • Bee or Wasp stinging
  • Bronchial asthma
  • Urticaria
  • Angioedema
  • Food allergy
  • Hay fever

Type 2 :
  • Transfusion reactions
  • HDN ( Haemolytic disease of the newborn )
  • ITP ( Immune thrombocytopenic purpura )
  • Myasthenia Gravis
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus
  • Male sterility
  • Graves' Disease
  • Hyperacute rejection reaction
Type 3 :
  • SLE
  • Goodpasture syndrome
  • Farmer's lung
  • Ployarteritis nodosa
  • Immune complex glomerulonephritis
  • Drug induced vasculitis
  • Arthus reaction
  • Serum sickness
  • Autoimmunity
Type 4 :
  • Granulomatous diseases
  • Contact hypersensitivity
  • Transplant rejection reaction
  • Reaction against viral & mycobacterial infection





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