Physiology 5

 

1. On ascending to an altitude of 6000m, changes include:

a) an increase in minute volume

b) an initial increase in plasma pH

c) a rise in urine pH

d) a fall in arterial PO2

e) an increase in cerebral blood flow

 

a) involved in iron uptake by the gut mucosa

b) involved in iron transport across the gut mucosa

c) involved in iron transport to muscle

d) involved in iron transport to storage sites

e) normally only 35% saturated with iron

 

3. Breathing 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure for a prolonged period causes:

a) retrosternal pain

b) dizziness

c) auditory disturbances

d) convulsions

e) atelectasis

 

4. The following transfusions will lead to agglutination:

     Donor     Recipient

a)    B              O

b)    AB            A

c)    B              AB

d)    O             AB

e)    AB            O

 

a) have a higher rate of oxygen consumption per gram than brain tissue

b) respond to changes in oxygen tension and not content

c) respond to changes in pH

d) conduct afferent information via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

e) are found in the carotid sinus

 

ANSWERS 1.TTTTF 2.FFTTT 3.TFFFT 4.TTFFT 5.FTTTF

 

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1. In the healthy heart, an increase in stroke volume is seen with an increase in:

a) dP/dT

b) aortic systolic pressure

c) left ventricular end-diastolic volume

d) left ventricular end-systolic pressure

e) heart rate

 

2. The a-wave of the central venous pressure waveform:

a) is caused by atrial contraction

b) is not seen in atrial fibrillation

c) is caused by atrial filling during ventricular contraction

d) decreases with inspiration

e) is followed by the v-wave

 

3. In the electrocardiogram, the:

a) P-R interval is equivalent to the A-V nodal conduction time

b) T-wave is equivalent to ventricular repolarisation

c) Q-T interval is equivalent to the duration of ventricular contraction

d) U-wave represents sinoatrial node repolarisation

e) duration of a normal P-wave is 0.2 seconds

 

a) parasympathetic block

b) sympathetic block

c) facial nerve block

d) trigeminal nerve block

e) oculomotor nerve block

 

a) tyrosine

b) phenylalanine

c) noradrenaline

d) dopamine

e) isoprenaline

 

ANSWERS 1.TFTFF 2.TTFFF 3.TTTFF 4.FTTFT 5.TTTTF

 

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1. The following lead to an increase in insulin secretion:

a) glucagon

b) adrenaline

c) growth hormone

d) starvation

e) major trauma

 

2. Adenyl cyclase:

a) increases the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP

b) is closely linked to alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors

c) is inhibited by aminophylline

d) release is triggered by cyclic AMP

e) acts at a mitochondrial level

 

3. Surfactant:

a) contains phospholipids

b) prevents oedema formation in the alveolar wall

c) reduces surface tension by approximately 30%

d) produces a monomolecular layer

e) stabilises the size of an alveolus

 

a) an increase in arterial PCO2

b) acidosis

c) chronic anaemia

d) carbon monoxide

e) a fall in temperature

 

5. In the adult, growth hormone stimulates:

a) glucose uptake into cells

b) calcium absorption from the gut

c) protein synthesis

d) fat synthesis

e) bone growth

 

ANSWERS 1.TFTFT 2.TTFFF 3.TTFFT 4.FFFTT 5.FFTFT